QUIZ ON HUMAN REPRODUCTION BIOLOGY ADDA BY KAIBALYA

 

Ecological succession ncert NEET Biology Biology Adda by Kaibalya

                                        ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION 

“Ecological succession is a series of changes that occur in an ecological community over time.”

1. Ecological succession is the steady and gradual change in a species of a given area with respect to the changing environment. It is a predictable change and is an inevitable process of nature as all the biotic components have to keep up with the changes in our environment.

2. The ultimate aim of this process is to reach equilibrium in the ecosystem. The community that achieves this aim is called a climax community. In an attempt to reach this equilibrium, some species increase in number while some other decreases.

3.In an area, the sequence of communities that undergo changes is called sere. Thus, each community that changes is called a seral stage or seral community.

TYPES OF ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION --

There are following types of ecological succession.

1. Primary succession 

      Primary succession is the succession that starts in lifeless areas such as the regions devoid of soil or  the areas where the soil is unable to sustain life.

When the planet was first formed there was no soil on earth. The earth was only made up of rocks. These rocks were broken down by microorganisms and eroded to form soil. The soil then becomes the foundation of plant life. These plants help in the survival of different animals and progress from primary succession to the climax community.If this primary ecosystem is destroyed, secondary succession takes place.

2.Secondary succession 

Secondary succession occurs when the primary ecosystem gets destroyed. For eg., a climax community gets destroyed by fire. It gets recolonized after the destruction. This is known as secondary ecological succession. Small plants emerge first, followed by larger plants. The tall trees block the sunlight and change the structure of the organisms below the canopy. Finally, the climax community arrives.

3.Cyclic succession

This is only the change in the structure of an ecosystem on a cyclic basis. Some plants remain dormant for the rest of the year and emerge all at once. This drastically changes the structure of an ecosystem.

Seral Community -- “A seral community is an intermediate stage of ecological succession advancing towards the climax community.”

Cause of Ecological succession - The main causes of ecological succession include the biotic and climatic factors that can destroy the populations of an area. Wind, fire, soil erosion and natural disasters include the climatic factors.

Importance - 

Ecological succession is important for the growth and development of an ecosystem.

 It initiates colonization of new areas and recolonization of the areas that had been destroyed due to certain biotic and climatic factors.

Thus, the organisms can adapt to the changes and learn to survive in a changing environment.

HII THIS IS KAIBALYA FROM BIOLOGY ADDA BY KAIBALYA SHARED SOME INFORMATION RELATED TO ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION WHICH IS IMPORTANT IN EXAMS . GOOD LUCK . JAY JAGANNATH.

Some mcq of Cell DPP, the unit of life - 11th class , ncert , biology adda by kaibalya

                                      DPP CELL BIOLOGY

 1.Which of the following is a part of endo membrane system of Eukaryotic cell ?

        a)Peroxisomes

        b)Chloroplast

       c)Mitochondria

       d)Gologi 

ANS-  Golgi complex (D)

2.Which of the following are non membrane bound?

      a)Lysosomes

      b)Vacuoles 

      c)Mesosomes

     d)Ribosomes

ANS - Ribosomes (D)

3.Secondary lysosomes are also called as -

    a)Autophagic vacuole

    b)Lipofuscin granuoles

    c)residual body

    d)Heterophagosomes

ANS- Heterophagosomes (D) 

4.Site of lipid synthesis -

    a)SER

    b)RER

   c)Golgi body

   d) Ribosomes

ANS - SER (A)

5.Zone of exclusion is associated with-

   a)Golgi Complex

   b)Endoplasmic reticulum

   c)Mitochondria

  d) Chloroplast

ANS - Golgi complex (A)

6.Golgi apparatus is absent in - 

   a)Most prokaryotic cells

   b)Mature RBC of mammals

   c)Mature sieve tube 

   d)All the above

ANS - All the above (D)

7.which is not the function of golgi bodies ?

  a) Secretions 

  b) Formations of Plasma membrane

  c)Fat synthesis 

  d)Cell wall formation

ANS - Fat Synthesis (C)

8.A cell organelle containing hydrolytic enzymes-

   a)Lysosomes 

   b)Microsomes

  c)Ribosomes

  d)Mesosomes

ANS - Lysosomes (A)

9. The golgi complex participates in 

   a) Fatty acid breakdown

   b)Formation of secretory vesicles

   c)Respiration in bacteria

   d)Activation of amino acids

ANS - Formation of secretory vesicles (B)

10. Which of the following does not occur in RER ?

    a)Protein Folding

   b)Protein glycolisation

   c)Cleavage of signal peptide

   d)phospholipid synthesis

ANS - Phospholipid synthesis (D)

Hii this is Kaibalya from Biology Adda by Kaibalya shared some important questions of Cell biology. Good Luck.

 

 

Phosphorus Cycle - 12 th class , NCERT , ECOSYSTEM , BOARDS , NEET - Biology adda by kaibalya

               

              Phosphorus cycle

       Phosphorus is found in nature , in soil , as rock phosphate , in combination with calcium , iron and aluminium. It is the significant part of DNA , RNA and ATP . Human contain 80 percent of phosphorus in teeth and bones.

It is a very slow process.  Various weather processes help to wash the phosphorus present in the rocks into the soil . Phosphorus is absorbed by the organic matter in the soil which is used for various biological processes. It is a solid cycle and atomosphere does not play role in this cycle.

STEPS OF PHOSPHORUS CYCLE

Following are the important steps of phosphorus cycle:

1. Weathering
2. Absorption by Plants
3. Absorption by Animals
4. Return to the Environment through Decomposition 

1. 

WEATHERING - 

Phosphorus is found in the rocks in abundance. That is why the phosphorus cycle starts in the earth’s crust. The phosphate salts are broken down from the rocks. These salts are washed away into the ground where they mix in the soil.

ADSORPTION BY PLANT -

The phosphate salts dissolved in water are absorbed by the plants. However, the amount of phosphorus present in the soil is very less. That is why the farmers apply phosphate fertilizers on agricultural land.

The aquatic plants absorb inorganic phosphorus from lower layers of water bodies. Since phosphate salts do not dissolve in water properly, they affect plant growth in aquatic ecosystem.

ABSORPTION BY ANIMAL - 

The animals absorb phosphorus from the plants or by consuming plant-eating animals. The rate of the phosphorus cycle is faster in plants and animals when compared to rocks.

RETURN OF PHOSPHORUS THROUGH DECOMPOSITION-

When the plants and animals die they are decomposed by microorganisms During this process, the organic form of phosphorus is converted into the inorganic form, which is recycled to soil and water.

Soil and water will end up in sediments and rocks, which will again release phosphorus by weathering. Thus, the phosphorus cycle starts over.

HUMAN IMPACT ON PHOSPHORUS CYCLE

A number of human activities, use of fertilizers, artificial eutrophication, etc. has a great impact on the phosphorus cycle.

The phosphorus fertilizers increase the level of phosphorus in the soil. Overuse of these fertilizers reduces the fertility of the soil and is also harmful to the microorganisms present in the soil. When these are washed away into the nearby water bodies, they are hazardous to aquatic life.

During the shipping of food from farms to cities, the amount of phosphorus that is washed away in water causes eutrophication. This leads to the growth of algae. These form algal blooms or die, which is toxic to the aquatic ecosystem.

                Hii this is Kaibalya Nayak from from Biology adda by Kaibalya shared Phosphorus cycle which is important for various exams . Good luck have a nice day . Jay Jagannath. Do share with your friends.

Mixed bag Biology DPP for NEET , ICAR , OUAT , KCET

Hii this is Kaibalya Nayak from Biology Adda by Kaibalya , going to share some mixed bag Biology questions which will be helpful for NEET , ICAR , OUAT , KCET and manymore state level exams.

 Q1. Sickle cell anaemia is most resistant to

        a: Malaria

        b: Filaria

        c: Dengue

        d: Chicken pox

Answer: Malaria (A)

Q2. Which of the following ecosystem has very little primary productivity

       a: Forest

       b: River

       c: Sea

       d: Grassland

Answer: River (B)

Q3. Poikilotherms are also known as

       a: Isotherm

       b: Ectotherm

       c: Endotherm

       d: Heterotherm

Answer: Ectotherm (B)

Q4. Casparian strips are present in the ________ of the root.

       a: epiblema

       b: cortex

       c: perycycle

       d: endodermis

Answer: Endodermis (D)

Q5. BT brinjal is an example of transgenic crops. In this, BT refers to

      a: Bacillus tuberculosis

      b: Biotechnology

      c: Betacarotene

      d: Bacillus thuringiensis

Answer: Bacillus thuringiensis (D)

Q6. Which one of the following is NOT a method of soil conservation?

       a: Overgrazing

       b: Mulching

       c: Strip cropping

       d: Crop rotation

Answer: Overgrazing (D)

Q7. ___________ is a gaseous plant hormone

      a: IBA

      b: Ethylene

      c: Abscisic acid

      d: NAA

Answer: Ethylene (B)

Q8. The leaf defoliator utilized in the Vietnam war by the USA known as “Agent Orange” was

       a: 2,4, -D and 2,4,5 – T

       b: Ethylene

       c: 2,4, -D and NAA

       d: 2,4,5 – T, ethylene and NAA

Answer: 2,4 D and 2,4,5 T (A)

Q9.‘New Systematics’ term was coined by

       a: Linnaeus

       b: Bentham and Hooker

       c: A.P. de Candolle

       d: Juliane Huxley

Answer: Juliane Huxley (D)

Q10. Nature of honey is

         a: Acidic

         b: Alkaline

         c: Neutral

         d: Turns basic after a few days

Answer: Acidic (A)

Q11. Which of the following is not true about hydroponics?

         a: Requires high investment

         b: Technical knowledge required

         c: Can be misused to cultivate banned crops

         d: Plants through hydroponics cannot be cultivated everywhere

Answer: Plant through hydroponics cannot be cultivated everywhere (D)

Q12. Mitochondria is the site for

        a: Calvin cycle

        b: Kreb's cycle

        c: Hill reaction

        d: Glycolysis

Answer: Kreb's Cycle (B)

Q13. Which of the following would be in insignificant amount in xylem sap?

        a: Nitrates

        b: Phosphates

        c: Water

        d: Sugar

Answer: Sugar (D)

Q14. Name the following having oxygen storing capacity

         a: Myoglobin

         b: Prophase II

         c: Anaphase I

         d: Metaphase II

Answer: Myoglobin (A)

Q15. Nosema bombycis which causes pebrine in silk worms is a

        a: Bacterium

        b: Virus

        c: Protozoan

        d: Fungus

Answer: Protozoan (C)

All the Best . Jay Jagannath.

Link of another DPPhttps://biologyaddabykaibalya.blogspot.com/2020/10/important-full-syllabus-biology-dpp-for.html?m=1

Important full syllabus Biology DPP for NEET/OUAT/ICAR/other exams 2021

                                  Hii this is Kaibalya Nayak from Biology adda by Kaibalya going to share an important DPP contains 20 biology questions which is important for NEET , ICAR , OUAT , KCET and many exams . All the best . Do share this with your friends.

Q1. Mitotic stages are not observed in ________.

      a: Cosmarium 

      b: E.coli

      c: Saccharomyces

      d: Chlorella

Answer: E coli( B)

Q2. Mannitol is

      a: Amino Acid

      b: Amino alcohol

      c: Sugar alcohol

      d: Sugar acid

Answer : Sugar Alcohol (C)

Q3. Example of water soluble plant pigment is

      a: Chlorophyll-a

      b: Chlorophyll-b

      c: Anthocyanin

      d: Xanthophyll

Answer : Anthocyanin (C)

Q4. Banana bunchytop virus is transmitted through

       a: Pentalonia nigronervosa

       b: Aedes aegypti

       c: Culex sp

       d: Agribacterium sp

Answer : Pentalonia bunchytop (A)

Q5. According to Darwin, evolution is _______.

       a: a slow, gradual and continuous process.

       b: a sudden but discontinuous process.

       c: a slow and discontinuous process.

       d: a slow, sudden and discontinuous process.

Answer : a slow , gradual and continuous process(A)

Q6. Sporopollenin, a chemical substance is found in _______.

      a: Exine of pollen grain

      b: Intine of pollen grain

      c: Tapetum of anther

      d: Endothecium of anther

Answer : Exine of pollen grain (A)

Q7. Vessels and tracheids are absent in _______.

      a: Equisetum

      b: cycas

      c: Gnetum

      d: Marsilea

Answer: Cycas (B)

Q8. Classification given by Bentham and Hooker is

       a: Artificial

       b: Natural

       c: Phylogenetic

       d: Numerical

Answer: Natural (B)

Q9. Which of the following responsible for the mechanical support , protein synthesis and enzyme transport

      a: Cell membrane

      b: Mitochondria

      c: Centriole

      d: ER

Answer: ER (D)

Q10. Wharton's duct is the duct of

         a: Sub mandibular salivary gland

         b: Parotid gland

         c: Submaxillary gland

         d: All of these

Answer: Sub mandibular salivary gland (A)

Q11. Exchange of gases in alveoli ofl ungs takes place through

        a: Osmosis

        b: Simple diffusion

        c: Active transport

        d: Passive transport

Answer: Simple Diffusion (B)

Q12.Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed in the

       a: PCT

       b: DCT

       c: Collecting duct

       d: Loop of henle

Answer: PCT (A)

Q13. Bowman's gland are located in

       a: Anterior pituitary

       b: Female reproductive system of cockroach

       c: Olfactory epithelium of our nose

       d: Proximal end of uriniferous tubule

Answer: Olfactory epithelium of our nose (C)

Q14. Diabetes insipidus occurs due to hyposecretion of

       a: Thymosine

       b: Oxytocin

       c: Insulin

       d: Vasopressin

Answer: Vasopressin (D)

Q15. Which type of selection is industrial melanism observed in moth

       a: Stabilizing

       b: Directional

       c: Disruptive

       d: Artificial

Answer : Direction (B)

Q16. Darwin's finches are found in

       a: Galapagos Island

       b: Tahiti

       c: Tundra

       d: None of these

Answer: Galapagous island (A)

Q17. In malignant tumors cells proliferate , grow rapidly and move to other parts of body to form tumors. This stage is called

      a: Metagenesis

      b: Metastasis

      c: Teratogenesis

      d: Mitosis

Answer: Metastasis (B)

Q18. The term Totipotency refers to capacity of a

       a: Cell to generate whole plant

       b: Seed to germinate

       c: Bud to generate whole plant

       d: Cell to enlarge in size

Answer:  Cell to generate whole plant (A)

Q19. A population has more young individuals than old , so what would be the status of population after some years

      a: It will decline

      b: It will stabilize

      c: It will increase

      d: It will first decline then stabilize

Answer: It will increase (C)

Q20. Many freshwater animals cannot live for long in sea water and vice versa because of

       a: Change in N level

       b: Change in level of thermal tolerance

       c: Variation in light intensity

       d: Osmotic problems

Answer: Osmotic problems (D)

HAVE A NICE DAY. JAY JAGANNATH.

Biomoleculs important table ncert 11th Class Biology adda by Kaibalya

 Biomoleculs is an important chapter for Neet and many exams in which table is the main part part to remember. Do rember these table which i have posted directly from NCERT .

Good luck i'm Kaibalya Nayak from Biology Adda by Kaibalya . Every year 2 questions come in NEET directly from these chapters.